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1.
Rev Pneumol Clin ; 74(1): 1-8, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29329966

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the leading sleep-related breathing disorder. Its complications and its repercussions on the quality of life of patients make the OSAS a real public health problem. The objective of this study is to both asses physicians knowledge of OSAS and describe their attitudes towards suspect subjects in Brazzaville. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study of 230 doctors practicing in various hospitals in the city of Brazzaville. The data collection was done by a self-questionnaire developed after a bibliographic analysis on the OSAS. The questionnaire was completed without recourse to a source of information. RESULTS: Our sample consisted of 141 (70.50%) general practitioners and 59 (29.50%) specialist physicians. The average of the knowledge score was 9.34 points±3.03 points. The general level of physician knowledge about SAS was good in 2% of cases, average in 44% of cases and low in 54% of cases. The level of knowledge was related to the number of times the OSAS diagnosis was mentioned by the physician in his practice (P<0.001), to the doctor's grade (P=0.003); to his university of origin and to the quantity of sources of information. When faced with suspects OSAS subjects, the doctor, the doctor directed the patient in 62% of the cases in ENT and in 49% in the pulmonology. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of the doctors on the OSAS are weak; this results in poor management of this pathology in the Congo.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/terapia , Congo , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Médicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Ann. Univ. Mar. Ngouabi ; 18(1): 1-6, 2018.
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1258843

RESUMO

Les défaillances du système immunitaire induites par l'âge avancé favorisent le développement d'affections diverses en association avec les comorbidités et les mauvaises conditions socioéconomiques.L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire les caractéristiques cliniques et évolutifs du sujet âgé hospitalisé en milieu pneumologique Congolais. Matériels et Méthodes:Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective, comparative entre groupes de patients : 4008 patients âgés de moins de 65ans et 570 hospitalisés pour une pathologie respiratoire du service de pneumologie du centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Brazzaville. Résultats:Sur les 4578 dossiers enregistrés, la proportion de patients âgés de plus 64ans a été 12,45% (570 cas/4578). L'analyse multi variée a permis de retenir les résultats suivants : les sujets âgés étaient plus de sexe masculin (OR=1,22[1,01-1,48], p=0,03), avec comme co morbité une HTA (OR=1,95[1,37-2,79], p<0,001). Le statut VIH de ces patients était inconnu (OR=0,16[0,11-0,25], p<0,001). La tuberculose était moins retrouvée avec OR=0,50[0,38-0,66], p<0,001 par contre La BPCO, Le Cancer broncho-pulmonaire et pleural étaient prépondérant respectivement avec des OR=5,95[3,49-10,14], p<0,001 ; OR=3,42[2,08-5,66] et OR=4,15[2,20-7,81]. Le taux de mortalité était de 23,68% chez les sujets âgés versus 19,14% chez les jeunes (p<0,001).Conclusion : Le sujet âgé hospitalisé au service de pneumologie présentait des pathologies liées au tabac, et des pathologies tumorales. L'infection tuberculeuse était moins retrouvée


Assuntos
Centros Médicos Acadêmicos , Idoso , Congo , Doenças Respiratórias , Infecções Respiratórias
3.
Ann. Univ. Mar. Ngouabi ; 18(1): 1-8, 2018.
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1258846

RESUMO

Introduction : Peu d'études sur la tuberculose du sujet âgé comparée à celle du sujet jeune ont fait l'objet de publication dans les pays à faible revenue.Objectif : comparer le dépistage, et le suivi des patients tuberculeux toute forme de plus de 65 ans à ceux ayant moins de 65 ans au Centre Antituberculeux de Brazzaville.Méthode : Etude rétrospective portant sur deux années d'activité allant du 1e janvier 2014 au 31 décembre 2015.L'étude compare les sujets âgés de plus 65 ans et ceux ayant un âge compris entre 15-65ans chez qui le diagnostic de tuberculose a été posé et mis sous traitement.2276 dossiers ont été examinés. Seuls 181 patients âgés de plus 65 ans ont été retrouvés. Nous leur avons apparié 181 autres patients de 15-65 ans. Ainsi nous avions constitué un échantillon hétérogène définitif de 362 patients.Résultats : Sur les 2276 cas de tuberculose, 181 patients étaient âgés de plus de 65 ans, soit un pourcentage de 7,95%. Le sex-ratio est de 1,41 en faveur des hommes versus 1,2 parmi les 310 patients âgés de moins de 65 ans.Le pourcentage de la co-infection TB-VIH était de 12,15 % chez les sujets âgés de plus de 65 ans versus 35,36 % chez les moins de 65 ans La différence étant significative (p˂ 0000).La forme pulmonaire confirmée bacteriologiquement (TPCB) représente 75% chez les plus de 65 ans contre 78% chez les moins de 65 ans. Les patients âgés de plus 65 ans développaient plus les formes pulmonaires diagnostiquées cliniquement (TPDC) 14% versus 12%. Par contre, le pourcentage de tuberculoses extra pulmonaires est de 11% chez les personnes âgées de plus de 65 ans versus 10% chez les moins de 65 ans. Le succès thérapeutique chez les plus de 65 ans est de 62,43%, comparé à celui des patients de moins de 65 ans qui est de 70,72%. Le pourcentage de patients perdus de vue est plus important chez les moins de 65 ans ; par contre le taux de transferts( non évalués) est plus important chez les plus de 65 ans. Les sujets âgés de plus de 65 ans décédaient plus fréquemment que ceux ayant moins de 65 ans, soit 13,26% versus 2,76%.(p˂ 0000) et ce, au cours de la phase intensive du traitement antituberculeux. Conclusion : La tuberculose du sujet âgé reste rare au Centre Antituberculeux de Brazzaville avec une prédominance masculine. Le pourcentage de décès reste également important lié vraisemblablement aux comorbidités que présentent ces sujets à partir d'un âge avancé. La prise en charge de ces sujets âgés doit avoir une approche intégrée dans sa globalité tenant compte des comorbidités


Assuntos
Idoso , Coinfecção , Congo , Infecções por HIV , Radiografia Pulmonar de Massa , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico
4.
Rev Pneumol Clin ; 73(5): 217-224, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29031963

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is a real public health problem in Congo. Pulmonary localization can lead to sequelae of respiratory functional repercussions. OBJECTIVE: Describe the spirometric and radiographic profile of patients treated with pulmonary tuberculosis treated and cured. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that included 150 patients with previous pulmonary tuberculosis with positive microscopy treated and cured in the Pulmonary Department of Brazzaville University Hospital. In which we performed a functional exploration (Spirometry) and a chest X-ray. The study took place from 1st January 2016 to 31st August 2016. RESULTS: The spirometry performed in all patients was pathological in 68.67% (103 cases/150) of the cases. Among them 74.76% (77 cases/103) had a restrictive profile (FEV1/FVC >70% and CVF <80%), 9.71% (10 cases/103) an obstructive syndrome (FEV1/FVC ≤70% and CVF >80%) and 15.53% (16 cases/103) a mixed syndrome (FVC <80% and FEV1/FVC <70%). Of the 150 chest radiographs performed, 120 or 80% were pathological; the degree of parenchymal stage III destruction represented 28.33%. There was a significant correlation between the degree of parenchymal destruction and the delay in treatment on the one hand and between the degree of parenchymal destruction and the different pulmonary volumes and volumes on the other hand. CONCLUSION: The prevention of these respiratory functional disorders is based on the prophylaxis of tuberculosis on early diagnosis of the disease.


Assuntos
Radiografia Torácica , Espirometria , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/reabilitação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Congo , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Indução de Remissão , Testes de Função Respiratória , Tuberculose Pulmonar/patologia , Adulto Jovem
5.
Rev Pneumol Clin ; 73(2): 81-89, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28041659

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The abandonment of TB treatment has consequences both individual by increasing the risk of drug resistance and collective seeding entourage. The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors to be lost sight of during TB treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: He acted in a prospective cohort study of patients with microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis, beginning TB treatment and followed for six months. The comparative study between 75 patients lost (PL) and 108 no-patients lost (NPL). RESULTS: The presence of a large distance between the home center [OR=3.73 (1.21-11.05), P=0.022], to alcohol poisoning [OR=3.80 (3.80-11.3), P=0.031], the number of compressed high (depending on the patient) [OR=7.64 (1.96-29.8), P=0.007], stigma [OR=7.85 (1.87-33), P=0.004] were related to PL status. For against the implementation of the directly observed treatment by the community [OR=0.2 (0.03-0.92), P=0.04], be [OR=0.18 (0.05-0.63), P=0.07] were linked to reduced risk of being lost. CONCLUSION: Reducing the rate of PL requires patient compliance with good attitudes in post-education and ease of access to TB centers.


Assuntos
Perda de Seguimento , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Congo/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Quimioterapia de Manutenção/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto Jovem
6.
Rev Pneumol Clin ; 71(4): 226-32, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26195116

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Untreated positive pulmonary TB smear has both individual implications, increasing morbidity and mortality, and collective implications, increasing the contagiousness of the disease. The present study aims to identify the course of patient care and the influence of care pathway on the time of initiation of TB treatment in Abidjan. METHODS: We conducted a prospective and comparative study between two groups with pulmonary smear-positive: 38 with a conventional course (use of only the health facilities) and 198 with mixed driving (combining health facilities, self-medication and traditional medicine). RESULTS: The average time between onset of symptoms and initiation of treatment for patients with conventional path was significantly different from that observed in patients with mixed course (4.28 weeks versus 8.57 weeks, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis mixed route was related to level of education (OR=2.728 [1.165-6.386]; P=0.02), the district of residence (OR=2.690 [1.168-6.195]; P=0.02), the mode of onset of symptoms (OR=0.33 [0.101-0.6607]; P=0.013) and weight loss (OR=0.259 [0.139-0.798]; P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The course of patients are multiple and can induce delays in starting treatment for tuberculosis. The sensitization of the population and the involvement of traditional healers in TB screening may contribute to the early therapeutic management.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/administração & dosagem , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Côte d'Ivoire/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
7.
Rev Pneumol Clin ; 68(3): 180-4, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22677108

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The pneumology in developing countries is practiced in a singular context: population mostly younger, endemic tuberculosis, high prevalence of HIV infection and growing pollution. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to present respiratory pathology evolution in hospitalization of pneumology department in black Africa. METHODOLOGY: Our study is retrospective and descriptive. We consulted the register of hospitalization activities from January 1998 to December 2007. RESULTS: The age group of 20-49 years represents 78.36% of all patients. Tuberculosis (TB) remains the first affection from 1998 to 2007 with a frequency varying between 38.2% and 45.2%. The cases of pneumonia are in regression since 2001, but cases of febrile alveolar interstitial pneumonia (FAIP) increase. The pathologies bound to tobacco addiction are rare. HIV infection is associated to TB (82.86%), to pneumonia (77.22%), to FAIP (92.23%). On 832 cases of death recorded, 46.15% of deaths are assigned to TB, 15.98% to pneumonia and 14.66% to FAIP. The global lethality of the TB and the pneumonia is respectively 20.1% and 17.6%. The one of FAIP is 32.5%. Mortality attributable to TB and pneumonia decreases progressively but the one attributable to FAIP remains important. CONCLUSION: Respiratory pathology is dominated by TB, pneumonia and FAIP. These pathologies associated to HIV infection cause a strong mortality.


Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adulto , África/epidemiologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Pneumologia , Doenças Respiratórias/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tuberculose/complicações , Adulto Jovem
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